Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): clinical features. The incidence is 1:100,000 per year. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Epidemiology
- The incidence is 1:100,000 per year
- The prevalence is 18:100,000
- The annual risk of first haemorrhage is 2%
- The recurrent haemorrhage risk in the first year is 18%
- Most are congenital but some arise de novo
Presentations
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Haemorrhage: risk factors
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Seizures: risk factors
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AVM rupture risk grading systems
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References
- Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain in adults. Brain 2001; 124:1900-1926.
- Madsen JR, Heros RC. Spinal arteriovenous malformations and neurogenic classification. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1988; 68:793-797.
- Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Neurology 2006; 66:1350-1355.
- da Costa L, Wallace MC, Ter Brugge KG, O'Kelly C, Willinsky RA, Tymianski M. The natural history and predictive features of hemorrhage from brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 2009; 40:100-105.
- Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, et al. International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:127-135.
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